Deception Point Page 37 Free Essays

Ekstrom glared. â€Å"So is it conceivable or not?† â€Å"Not on your life,† Norah said straight. â€Å"Totally inconceivable. We will compose a custom paper test on Misdirection Point Page 37 or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now I would have hit pockets of brackish water ice in my center samples.† â€Å"Core tests are penetrated basically in arbitrary spots, right?† Rachel inquired. â€Å"Is there any possibility the cores’ situations, basically by misfortune, could have missed a pocket of ocean ice?† â€Å"I penetrated straightforwardly down over the shooting star. At that point I penetrated different centers just a couple of yards on either side. You can’t get any closer.† â€Å"Just asking.† â€Å"The point is moot,† Norah said. â€Å"Brine interstices happen just in occasional ice-ice that structures and melts each season. The Milne Ice Shelf is quick ice-ice that structures in the mountains and holds quick until it moves to the calving zone and falls into the ocean. As advantageous as solidified microscopic fish would be for clarifying this puzzling little marvel, I can ensure there are no shrouded systems of solidified tiny fish in this glacier.† The gathering fell quiet once more. Regardless of the unmistakable answer of the solidified tiny fish hypothesis, Rachel’s methodical investigation of the information wouldn't acknowledge the dismissal. Instinctually, Rachel realized that the nearness of solidified microscopic fish in the icy mass underneath them was the most straightforward answer for the question. The Law of Parsimony, she thought. Her NRO educators had driven it into her inner mind. At the point when various clarifications exist, the most straightforward is normally right. Norah Mangor clearly had a great deal to lose if her ice-center information wasn't right, and Rachel thought about whether perhaps Norah had seen the tiny fish, acknowledged she’d committed an error in guaranteeing the icy mass was strong, and was presently essentially attempting to cover her tracks. â€Å"All I know,† Rachel stated, â€Å"is that I just informed the whole White House staff and revealed to them this shooting star was found in a flawless framework of ice and had been fixed there, immaculate by outside impact since 1716, when it severed of an acclaimed shooting star called the Jungersol. This reality presently gives off an impression of being in some question.† The NASA head was quiet, his appearance grave. Tolland made a sound as if to speak. â€Å"I need to concur with Rachel. There was saltwater and tiny fish in the pool. Regardless of what the clarification is, that pole is clearly not a shut situation. We can’t state it is.† Corky was looking awkward. â€Å"Um, people, not to seem like the astrophysicist here, yet in my field when we commit errors, we’re for the most part off by billions of years. Is this little microscopic fish/saltwater mistake actually such significant? That is to say, the flawlessness of the ice encompassing the shooting star not the slightest bit influences the shooting star itself, correct? We despite everything have the fossils. No one is scrutinizing their realness. On the off chance that it turns out we’ve committed an error with the ice-center information, no one will truly mind. All they’ll care about is that we discovered evidence of life on another planet.† â€Å"I’m sorry, Dr. Marlinson,† Rachel stated, â€Å"as somebody who breaks down information professionally, I need to oppose this idea. Any minuscule defect in the information NASA presents this evening can possibly cast question over the believability of the whole disclosure. Counting the validness of the fossils.† Corky’s jaw fell open. â€Å"What would you say you are discussing? Those fossils are irrefutable!† â€Å"I realize that. You realize that. In any case, if the open gets wind that NASA purposely introduced ice-center information that was being referred to, trust me, they will quickly begin thinking about what else NASA lied about.† Norah ventured forward, eyes blazing. â€Å"My ice-center information isn't in question.† She gone to the executive. â€Å"I can demonstrate to you, completely, that there is no brackish water ice caught anyplace in this ice shelf!† The executive peered toward her a long second. â€Å"How?† Norah illustrated her arrangement. At the point when she was done, Rachel needed to concede, the thought seemed like a sensible one. The head didn't look so sure. â€Å"And the outcomes will be definitive?† â€Å"One hundred percent confirmation,† Norah guaranteed him. â€Å"If there’s one goddamn ounce of solidified saltwater anyplace close to that shooting star shaft, you will see it. Indeed, even a couple of beads will illuminate on my rigging like Times Square.† The administrator’s temple wrinkled underneath his military buzz cut. â€Å"There’s very little time. The question and answer session is in a few hours.† â€Å"I can return in twenty minutes.† â€Å"How out of sight the ice sheet did you say you need to go?† â€Å"Not far. 200 yards ought to do it.† Ekstrom gestured. â€Å"Are you certain it’s safe?† â€Å"I’ll take flares,† Norah answered. â€Å"And Mike will go with me.† Tolland’s head shot up. â€Å"I will?† â€Å"You sure as damnation will, Mike! We’ll be fastened. I’d welcome a solid arrangement of arms out there if the breeze whips up.† â€Å"But-â€Å" â€Å"She’s right,† the overseer stated, going to Tolland. â€Å"If she goes, she can’t go alone. I’d send a portion of my men with her, yet to be honest, I’d rather remain quiet about this tiny fish issue until we make sense of if it’s an issue or not.† Tolland gave a hesitant gesture. â€Å"I’d like to go too,† Rachel said. Norah spun like a cobra. â€Å"The hellfire you will.† â€Å"Actually,† the overseer stated, as though a thought had quite recently happened to him, â€Å"I think I’d feel more secure on the off chance that we utilized the standard quad tie design. On the off chance that you go double, and Mike slips, you’ll never hold him. Four individuals are much more secure than two.† He delayed looking at Corky. â€Å"That would mean it is possible that you or Dr. Ming.† Ekstrom looked around the habisphere. â€Å"Where is Dr. Ming, anyway?† â€Å"I haven’t seen him in a while,† Tolland said. â€Å"He may be getting a nap.† Ekstrom went to Corky. â€Å"Dr. Marlinson, I can't necessitate that you go out with them, but â€Å" â€Å"What the hell?† Corky said. â€Å"Seeing as everybody is getting along so well.† â€Å"No!† Norah shouted. â€Å"Four individuals will back us off. Mike and I are going alone.† â€Å"You are not going alone.† The administrator’s tone was conclusive. â€Å"There’s an explanation ties are worked as quads, and we’re going to do this as securely as could be expected under the circumstances. The exact opposite thing I need is a mishap two or three hours before the greatest question and answer session in NASA’s history.† 43 Gabrielle Ashe felt an unsafe vulnerability as she sat in the overwhelming demeanor of Marjorie Tench’s office. What could this lady potentially need with me? Behind the room’s sole work area, Tench reclined in her seat, her hard highlights appearing to transmit delight with Gabrielle’s distress. â€Å"Does the smoke trouble you?† Tench asked, tapping a new cigarette from her pack. â€Å"No,† Gabrielle lied. Tench was at that point illuminating at any rate. â€Å"You and your applicant have taken a serious enthusiasm for NASA during this campaign.† â€Å"True,† Gabrielle snapped, putting forth no attempt to conceal her indignation, â€Å"thanks to some inventive support. I’d like an explanation.† Tench gave a guiltless mope. â€Å"You need to know why I’ve been sending you email grub for your assault on NASA?† â€Å"The data you sent me hurt your President.† â€Å"In the short run, yes.† The inauspicious tone in Tench’s voice made Gabrielle uncomfortable. â€Å"What’s that expected to mean?† â€Å"Relax, Gabrielle. My messages didn’t change things much. Representative Sexton was NASA-slamming some time before I stepped in. I basically helped him explain his message. Cement his position.† â€Å"Solidify his position?† â€Å"Exactly.† Tench grinned, uncovering recolored teeth. â€Å"Which, I should state, he did viably this evening on CNN.† Gabrielle reviewed the senator’s response to Tench’s fence-buster inquiry. Truly, I would act to cancel NASA. Sexton had gotten himself cornered, yet he’d happened of the harsh with a solid drive. It was the correct move. Wasn’t it? From Tench’s placated look, Gabrielle detected there was data missing. 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Event Industry Free Essays

Coach: Peter Haigh Event Industry Arsalan khan 21146310 Tutor: Peter Haigh Event Industry Arsalan khan 21146310 Critically examine the negative and the positive effects of the London Olympic Games from the point of view all things considered, including the nearby network, the patrons, the visitors, the coordinators, the volunteers and paid laborers? Creator: Arsalan Khan Module code: TH40009E Tutor: Peter HAIGH Module name: Event Industry Basically examine the negative and the positive effects of the London Olympic Games from the point of view all things considered, including the neighborhood network, the patrons, the visitors, the coordinators, the volunteers and paid specialists? Writer: Arsalan Khan Module code: TH40009E Tutor: Peter HAIGH Module name: Event Industry This paper will look and talk about the negative and the positive effect of the London Olympics from the viewpoint of the partners just as keeping the nearby network, supports, visitors, coordinators and laborers as a primary concern. The fundamental partners of the London Olympics are: * Customers * Athletes * Residences of Greater London * Sponsors * Tourists * Local business little/medium estimated * Large national organizations * International Business * Local committees of London * Mayor of London * Transport * Infrastructure * Emergency administrations * Government Olympic bodies * DCMS * BOA * LOCOG * IOC * NOC * The Legacy organization * Other part-taking nations * Economy Financial foundations Olympic Games will hugy affect London and the encompassing urban communities there will be an additional 4 million guests this year, this won't just impact all regions and business yet will push the framework of London as far as possible. It will require exceptional arranging measures and the contribution of a few diverse government and knowledge organizations to guarantee a protected and fruitful Olympics happens. We will compose a custom paper test on Occasion Industry or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now All through London all representatives will be extended and might be preforming undertakings which they may not initially been utilized to do yet as the Olympics come nearer there will be an expansion popular for labor in organizations as everybody plans for the super occasion of the year. Effectively numerous organizations have dropped leave during the Olympic occasions. As of now crisis administrations are under analysis as they neglect to meet the necessary labor number s and elective measures are being set up for instance the fire administration is done giving full wrath detachments rather littler reaction joins will be conveyed around the Olympics destinations. Nearby committee will be ideated with requests structure their habitations and uncommon grants for business and licenses, this will extend the chambers laborers in all cases, numerous specialists might be staying at work longer than required to fulfill the need of the bustling time frame. This will be a defining moment fo r the chambers as this will expand organizations in the region and managers will pay business rates, neighborhood committees in many regions of London will be finically happier. Most people group are included as it goes to the approach the Olympics and the heritage organization is guaranteeing they remain included after the games are finished, when the host city was picked and the work started networks and organizations at the east of London endured many long periods of slaughter and when the games are done they will have the option to appreciate the resources abandoned. There are many negative purposes of the Olympics, for example, packing, significant hazard because of political shakiness in different nations inhabitants may feel they are in danger of assault from outside sources. Mass subsidizing will flood in to London from abroad business and the blast in the travel industry this will energize the all around required financial development, work will ascend to its most significant levels and drop down after the Olympic games. The Olympic Games will support new and more youthful competitors to partake in the games and carry on the games heritage. Catalog Tassiopoulos, D (2010). Occasion Management. third ed. Republic of South Africa: Print Communications. 186-248. Step by step instructions to refer to Event Industry, Essay models

Coping With Stress When You Have OCD

Coping With Stress When You Have OCD OCD Living With OCD Print Coping With Stress When You Have OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 21, 2019 Astronaut Images/Getty Images More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions If you have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), you know that one of the biggest triggers of OCD symptoms is stress. While there are a number of ways that people choose to cope with stress, not all coping strategies are healthy. In fact, some can do more harm than good. Let’s review both healthy and unhealthy ways to manage your stress to help keep your OCD symptoms under control. Healthy Ways to Cope With Stress Getting a good nights sleep.  An average of eight hours a night will do for most people, but this can vary, so experiment if you feel sleepy during the day. Exercising consistently. Thirty minutes of aerobic exercise even just three times a week can help reduce anxiety. Turning to friends, family, and/or a support group.  Support groups can reduce feelings of isolation. Supportive friends and family can also provide a welcome source of distraction from symptoms and listen to you when youre feeling overwhelmed. Trying  meditation or relaxation exercises.  Meditation and deep breathing exercises calm the mind and body, which allows you to recover from the effects of stress. Starting a gratitude journal. Grab a notebook and at the end of the day, write down everything youre grateful for, even if its just one thing.  Focusing on the positive rather than dwelling on the negative can help reduce stress and even help you become more grateful for the good things in your life, no matter how small. Participating in activities you enjoy.  Whether its learning to play the guitar, singing karaoke at the local club, photographing the local scenery or reading a book, be sure to keep doing the activities you love regularly. Participating in activities you love gives you a sense of joy and something to look forward to, along with relieving your stress. Sticking to your treatment regimen.  Make sure you are going to therapy and/or taking your prescribed medications as directed. When youre stressed, you particularly need the benefits your treatments provide. Dealing with problems as they arise. You’ll get the best results by coping with your symptoms every day, instead of putting things off until they are really bad. Unhealthy Ways to Cope With Stress Using alcohol or other drugs.  Although your symptoms might go away temporarily, they often become worse when you stop using. Ignoring your problems. They aren’t going anywhere and will likely become worse the longer you ignore them. Isolating yourself.  You need the support of your friends and family to cope with OCD, so make sure you keep interacting with them as often as you can. Consider joining a support group in your community to boost your support even further. The people in your support group will understand what you deal with on a daily basis. Blaming yourself for your OCD.  Are you harder on yourself than you would be with a friend who had this illness? Practice being kind to yourself. You wouldnt have OCD if you had a choice, and you certainly are not to blame. Trying to control things that you cant.  Control what you can, like managing your stress in healthy ways, and let the rest take care of itself. It can be hard to give up control, but once you do, life can be a lot more enjoyable.

The Pillars Of School Leadership - 1740 Words

Leadership This paper is a review on the pillars of school leadership as discussed in School Supervision class. One occurring question is what does it mean to be a leader in one of our urban school system today is a questions asked repeatedly in our class reading? The qualities of a leader are courage, flexibility and confidence. Leadership today is the process by which leaders individually or collectively influence their colleagues. The Center for Comprehensive School Reform and Improvement (2005), A leader is â€Å"being so awesome that everyone want to follow you†. (quote from Leadership handout). Additionally, leaders must motivate people and have other skills such as agreement building, networking, and exercising no jurisdictional†¦show more content†¦School leaders understand that when high performance is expected its likelihood increases and developing a leader takes time. Some leaders are too often preoccupied (p.15) with the capacity to bring about intended consequences in the behavior of others. In addition to maintaining these skills, Siccone (2011), found that people are motivated by one of three strong drives to do the best work of which they are capable. For leaders to effect change, they must have a picture of what change will look like. Total participation techniques provide teachers with evidence of active participation and cognitive engagement from all students at the same time. These techniques function as formative assessments that help teachers accurately monitor progress, provide (Siccone 2011). Instructional Feedback and the need to modify instruction and other characteristics are essential to developing a rich culture to analyze assessments in our schools. Today’s students have more rigorous curriculum and they are required to reach proficiency on assessments, more and more schools are using a form of data process to identify what teachers should be able to teach their students, to dispel myths that some students can not learn and inspire educators to a greater level of commitment and action having data discussions. The idea behind student data to and linking it to teacher’s evaluation is to determine

James West and the Invention of the Microphone

James Edward West, Ph.D., was a Bell Laboratories Fellow at Lucent Technologies where he specialized in electro, physical and architectural acoustics. He retired in 2001 after dedicated more than 40 years to the company. He then took a position as a research professor with Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering.   Born in Prince Edward County, Virginia on February 10, 1931, West attended Temple University and interned at Bell Labs during his summer breaks. Upon his graduation in 1957, he joined Bell Labs and began work in electroacoustics, physical acoustics, and architectural acoustics. In conjunction with Gerhard Sessler, West patented the electret microphone in 1964 while working at Bell Laboratories. West’s Research   Wests research in the early 1960s led to the development of the foil electret transducers for sound recording and voice communication that are used in 90 percent all microphones built today. These electrets are also at the heart of most telephones now being manufactured. The new microphone became widely used because of its high performance, accuracy, and reliability. It also cost little to produce, and it was small and light weight. The electret transducer began as the result of an accident, like many notable inventions. West was fooling around with a radio – he loved taking things apart and putting them back together as a child, or at least attempting to put them back together. In this instance, he became acquainted with electricity, something that would fascinate him for years.   West’s Microphone   James West joined forces with Sessler while he was at Bell. Their goal was to develop a compact, sensitive microphone that wouldn’t cost a fortune to produce. They completed development of their electret microphone in 1962 – it worked on the basis of the electret transducers they had developed – and they began production of the device in 1969. Their invention became the standard of the industry. The vast majority of microphones used today in everything from baby monitors and hearing aids to telephones, camcorders and tape recorders all use Bell’s technology. James West holds 47 U.S. patents and more than 200 foreign patents on microphones and techniques for making polymer ​foil electrets. He has authored more than 100 papers and has contributed to books on acoustics, solid-state physics, and material science. He has received numerous awards, including the Golden Torch Award in 1998 sponsored by the National Society of Black Engineers, and the Lewis Howard Latimer Light Switch and Socket Award in 1989. He was chosen New Jersey Inventor of the Year in 1995 and was inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame in 1999. He was appointed president of the Acoustical Society of American in 1997 and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Both James  West and Gerhard Sessler were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1999.

How Modern Technology Affects Library Books Free Essays

The importance for polished English remains high on the priority among many firms as a basic requirement. The emphasis for proficiency in the English language starts from school for most, but most adults do not maintain a habit of constantly improving and updating their ability to read and write. Speaking has become a part of our daily lives and our reliance on English has turned it into the first language of many Singaporeans. We will write a custom essay sample on How Modern Technology Affects Library Books or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our heavy reliance on English gives us an edge when practising it throughout our daily lives. This however comes at the cost of having too much comfort and usually leads to arrogance that stops us from constantly improving and updating our language skills. The habit of good English could not only help with a person’s daily life but also with any possible career prospectus. The ability to be more qualified than your competition in terms of articulation gives the everyday working adult an edge towards a better prospectus. It’s a form of communication that exceeds the boundaries of Singapore, reinforcing its importance as a major world language. Other than simply being a means of communication, it also serves as the most universal form of articulation. A person can express his or her thoughts more concisely when using the appropriate language in a certain context. This means of expression precedes many generations before and was passed down to most citizens as their first language. Language proves to be timeless in its use and the relentless pursuit of self improvement can begin with good English. How to cite How Modern Technology Affects Library Books, Essays

Digital Art In Film Essay Example For Students

Digital Art In Film Essay Thanks again for compiling the website for the group Mike. Below is what I would like to appear on the website divided by questions. My works cited follows. I included links to youtube videos and embedded pictures into the document that are to appear in the appropriate section. Let me know if you need more pictures or have any questions/problems. I tried to make it as simple as possible. 1. Topic/Background/History Relevance: Advances in technology have enabled filmmakers to create visually stunning masterpieces that were once a figment of their imagination. Let me begin with Toy Story, the first breakthrough in the marriage between technology and film. Toy Story was the first Hollywood computer generated (cg) film, primarily aimed at the younger generation but enjoyed by all. Advances in technology also has improved the visual effects aspect in many film, making what once seemed to be impossible now a reality. I will be examining the effects of technology in relation to film and how these digital advances can be considered as art. The history of digital art in film is relatively small in comparison to the entire history of film dating back to the early 1900s and Thomas Edison. I would like to begin in 1995, with the real first breakthrough in utilizing computers and technology to create the film Toy Story. This one event seemed to ignite the idea that computer made graphics could be used instead of the traditional cartooning. Toy Story also led to the idea that computers can be used to create special effects in action films such as Jurassic Park and more recently 300. Teams of computer programmers are creating such a stunning visual backdrop in films that it is replacing the traditional technique of filming on location and blowing real things up (as much fun as that is). It is now, as a film audience, hard to tell the difference between what is reality and what is virtual reality in film, something that places great significant impact on the whole experience of watching a film. 2. Defend/Define why digital art in film is art: It is pretty apparent why the use of technology in film is considered as art; it is replacing the traditional sense of art direction in contemporary film. For example, Toy Story introduced a new medium in which film can be produced and enjoyed. It takes a creative process to create computer animated films. Deepak Chopra states that creativity comes from having an intended vision, then gathering information, then analyzing the information, then incubation sooner or later, you have the eureka experience (1). The final product is considered art because it falls directly in the definition of art which is The expression of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power (Computer Dictionary). I believe it takes both what Deepak says about creativity and how we define art to come up with why certain aspects of life are considered as art, such as digital technology in film. The use of digital art in film is a natural progression of advancement and is foreshadowing what to expect in the years to come. It is the way the industry is heading and is becoming the staple of how to create visual effects in film. Using computer technology to create film provides the artist with a limitless pallet only constrained by his/her imagination. In some respect, digital art could be considered more of an example of art than tangible creations because the options are literally limitless to what one can create. This creates an environment that is extremely conducive to creativity and in turn is a perfect example of why the use of computer technology in film is considered art. .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .postImageUrl , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:hover , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:visited , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:active { border:0!important; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:active , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art history essay on Adopting an approach3. Discuss the relationship between film and culture. How does it impact culture? Communicate values/beliefs/etc. ? Film is an American pastime. That being said, the use of digital art in film has an immense impact on culture and communicates values and beliefs through the way that it is presented. People go to movies to take a step out of their reality and step into that of the filmmakers. Being a filmmaker myself, my main go is to make the viewer forget about the world that they live in and be taken by the story they are experiencing. Through the arts we learn to see what we had not notice, to feel what we had not felt, and employ forms of thinking that are indigenous to the arts (Eisner, 20). The film allows the viewer to feel emotions, experience events, and live a life they never thought possible and feel somehow connected to it all. Pixar films such as Toy Story, Finding Nemo, and Ratatouille all communicate fundamental American values to its viewers. These films are aimed towards the younger audience communicating deeply rooted beliefs such as friendship, love, and the difference between good and bad. For example, in the film Finding Nemo, Nemo learns the importance of parental relationships when his love for his father grows throughout the film. The use of digital technology has opened up a new realm in which to communicate these values. For example, in the past, and movie like Finding Nemo would have been animated in the traditional sense and maybe it would not of been as successful at telling the story that it did with the use of a realistic underwater world. Children and adults are able to connect to the story much better when they arent distracted by cartoons and are captured in the moment by stunning visual effects in the movie. 4. Who are the artists creating this work? How do they engage? Get educated? It takes a salad bowl full of artists to create digital masterpieces in film. A typical team at any movie studio would consist of a director, art director, art coordinator, many computer programming artists, and artists drawing out creations before they are transformed into virtual reality. Collaboration is a key ingredient in creating films such as Ice Age and special effects in todays movies. Chuck Richardson, a production manager for Ice Age said, An assembly line sets a horrible burden on the process It demands inventory. It consumes work. It demands people be creative on a schedule. It is very wearying, because people dont realize how much work it is. Producing an 80-minute film is more work than theyve ever done in their entire life in a concentrated period have to animate four seconds a week (2). This is a process that takes true dedication and a passion for what the artist is creating. It is crucial to produce films that are as non disruptive to the creative workflow as possible. The majority of these artists work in the film industry for a number of years and have built up quite a demo reel. I know this because I have worked on a number of films and have close relationships with folks involved in most every aspect of this very creative and open process. It not only takes a great artist to create their art, but it also takes great software designed by artists for artists. Programs such as Maya, RenderMan, and Adobe After Effects are just a few of the key programs used in film production. High budget studios such as Pixar utilize this software, but with their deep pockets, are able to program software specific for the job they are making. Its a very exciting time to be involved with film and the advance of technology. The creations that are coming into fruition are just mind boggling and provide a perfect example of how this form of art impacts American culture. Computer animated films have come a long way since Woody and Buzz Lightyear but I guess the saying still holds true; To infinity, and beyond!

A List of Interjections and Exclamations in English

A List of Interjections and Exclamations in English Hey! Lets take a look at a long list of interjections- or, as theyre sometimes called (somewhat misleadingly), exclamations. Theyre words or short phrases that stand apart from the rest of a sentence grammatically (or on their own, without a subject and verb), and are often used to exclaim, like Ow! or Ack! Key Takeaways: Interjections Interjections are short phrases often used to exclaim.They can stand on their own as sentences. Because theyre often used to exclaim, interjections carry some emotion with them and can make fictional dialogue more realistic. Theyre of course all over comic books, especially superheroes fighting evil. Interjections are the outlaws of English grammar as illustrated in this writers other interjections piece: Interjections usually stand apart from normal sentences, defiantly maintaining their syntactic independence. (Yeah!) They arent marked inflectionally for grammatical categories such as tense or number. (No sirree!) And because they show up more frequently in spoken English than in writing, most scholars have chosen to ignore them. (Aw.) List of 100+ Interjections As you read through this list, see if you can pick out the interjections that have more than one meaning or can be used in more than one way. Additional spellings or usages are listed in parentheses. Ah: Ah, I dont know if thats true.A-ha: A-ha! I figured it out!Ahem: Ahem, could you boys stop talking so we could get on with class, please?Alas: Alas, it was not to be.Amen: Amen, hallejulah, amen!Aw: Aw, do we have to?Awesome: You two are dating? Awesome!Aww: Aww, thats so cute!Bada bing (bada-bing, bada-bing, bada-boom): Youve gotta get up close like this and- bada-BING!- you blow their brains all over your nice Ivy League suit. (The Godfather, 1972)Bah: Bah, humbug!Baloney: Oh baloney. I dont believe that.Big deal: Big deal. Who cares?Bingo: Bingo! Right on target!Boo: Boo! Scared you!Boo-hoo: That makes me sad. Boo-hoo.Booyah (boo-yah): Yeah, I aced this test. Booyah!Boy (boy oh boy): Oh boy. Oh boy oh boy. Thats heavy, man.Bravo: Bravo! That was fantastic!Brilliant: Brilliant, luv, absolutely brilliant! (U.K.)Brrr: Brr! Minus 30 degrees? Yuk.Bull: Bull. Its not 30 below zero, not really.Bye (bye-bye): Bye! See you later!Cheers: Cheers, mate. Youre welcome. (U.K.); Raise a toas t! Cheers! (U.S.) Come on (cmon): Come on. Hurry up.Cool: Oh wow, that is so cool!Cowabunga: Cowabunga, dude. (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)Dang: Dang it! Whered I put that?Darn (darn it): Darn it! I cant find the other one either!Dear me: Oh dear me. What are we going to do?Duck: Duck! No, really! Get down!Duh: Well, duh. I cant believe you didnt know that.Eh: Eh? What?Enjoy: Enjoy! I hope you like it!Excellent: Party time, excellent! (Waynes World)Fabulous: Fabulous! Thats just wonderful!Fantastic: Fantastic! I just love it!Fddledeedee  (fiddle-dee-dee): Fiddle-dee-dee! War, war, war; this war talks spoiling all the fun at every party this spring. I get so bored I could scream. (Gone With the Wind)Finally: Finally! I never thought thatd be done.For heavens sake(s): Oh for heavens sake, dont you know your Bible? (Little House on the Prairie)Fore: Fore! (Look out! in golf)Foul: Foul! The baseball went out of bounds.Freeze: Freeze! Stop right there!Gee (gee whiz, gee willikers): Well gee whiz, pa, wh y do I have to do that? Giddyap (giddyup): Giddyup Silver! Go, horse, go!Golly (good golly, golly gee  willikers): Golly, that sure was tasty.Goodbye (good-bye): Goodbye, see you again soon!Good grief: Good grief, Charlie Brown. (Peanuts)Good heavens: Good heavens! How did that happen?Gosh: â€Å"Whatever I feel like I wanna do, gosh!† (Napoleon Dynamite)Great: Great! Im so excited youll come along!Great balls of fire: Goodness gracious, great balls of fire! (Great Balls of Fire, Jerry Lee Lewis)Ha: Ha-ha! Thats funny!Hallelujah: Glory be to God, hallelujah!Heavens (heavens above, heavens to Betsy): Oh heavens! How could you think that?Heigh-ho: Heigh-ho neighbor! How are you?Hello: Hello! How are things with you?Help: Help! I need somebody (Help! The Beatles)Hey (hey there): Hey! Look over there!Hi (hiya): Hi! Whats up?Hip, hip, hooray: We won! On the count of three, everyone: Hip, hip hooray! Hip, hip, hooray!Hmm (hrm): Hmm. Let me think about that for a bit.Ho-ho-ho: Ho-ho-ho, Merry Christmas!Ho ly mackerel (holy cow, holy moly, holy Moses, holy smokes): Holy mackerel! I cant believe it! Ho-hum: Ho-hum, how boring.Hooray (hurrah, hurray): Hooray! Thats awesome!Howdy (howdy do): Howdy, pardner.Huh: Huh. I have no idea.Ick: Ick! How gross!Indeed: Indeed! Ill bet you didnt know that!Jeez: Jeez, do we really have to go through this now?Kaboom: Kaboom! It blew up!Kapow: And Batman hit the evildoer, kapow!Lordy (lordy, lordy): Oh lordy, lordy, look whos 40!Mama mia: Mama mia, let me go. (Bohemian Rhapsody, Queen)Man: Man, thats unbelievable.Marvelous: Marvelous! Oh, honey, thats just wonderful.My: My! I never once thought of it, Huck! (The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)My goodness (my heavens, my stars, my word): My goodness, isnt that just grand?Nah: Nah, itll never work.No problem: Thank you. No problem.No way (no way Josà ©): No way! I cant believe it.Nope: Nope. I cant do that.Nuts: Nuts! I wish I didnt have to.Oh (oh boy, oh dear, oh my, oh my gosh, oh my goodness, oh no, oh well): Oh! Thats shocking!OK (okay): OK, sounds great. Thank you.Ouch: Ouch! That hurt! Ow: Ow! That stung!Please: Would you help me, please?Poof: Poof! She just disappeared.Shh: Shh! Quiet in the library!Super: Super! Thats fantastic!Swell: Swell! How great!Welcome: Welcome! Come in!; (Youre) Welcome!Well: Well, I just dont know about that.Whoop-de-doo: Well whoop-de-doo. (sarcasm) I so dont care.Woo-hoo: Woo-hoo! Thats fantastic!Wow: Wow! I love it!Yabba dabba doo: Yabba dabba doo! (The Flinstones)Yadda, yadda, yadda: Well, we were engaged to be married, uh, we bought the wedding invitations, and, uh, yada yada yada, Im still single. (Seinfeld)Yippee: Yippie! Thats exciting!Yummy: Yummy! I love chocolate cake! Single or Double-Duty Parts of Speech Interjections have traditionally been treated as one of the eight parts of speech  (or word classes). But its worth keeping in mind that many interjections  can do double or triple duty as other parts of speech. For instance, when a  word such as boy or awesome appears by itself (often followed by an exclamation point in writing), it functions as an interjection: Boy! You have an answer for everything.The crew chief handed me my first paycheck. Awesome! I said. But when that same word shows up syntactically integrated into a sentence, it usually operates as a different part of speech. In the following examples, boy is a noun, and awesome is an adjective: The boy ate a Snickers bar.Seeing the northern lights for the first time was an awesome experience. Words that are used only  as interjections are called primary interjections, while words that also belong to other word classes are called secondary interjections.   Oh! Heres something else to look out for. The meanings of interjections sometimes change depending on the context  in which theyre used. The word oh, for example, may indicate surprise, disappointment, or delight: Oh! I didnt see you sitting there.Oh. I was hoping you could stay for a while.Oh! Im so glad you came!

6 Ways Older Job Seekers Can Overcome Age Bias

6 Ways Older Job Seekers Can Overcome Age Bias Individuals who are older know that they have a lot to offer, and using that to their advantage can help them find a job. Whether looking for a part-time or full-time job, working adds to an individual’s sense of purpose and adds extra income. Knowing what employers are looking for can help an older worker land a job.   1.Demonstrate Your Work EthicAn individual who has been at one job for a number of years shows that he or she has a strong work ethic. This is one of the most important traits a worker can offer these days when younger workers commonly flit from job to job. Sticking with one job shows dedication and this is appreciated. Companies do not want to train workers and then have them leave to take positions with other companies. Older workers who are committed to staying on the job are more likely to be hired than those who do not express this commitment.  2.Show Off Your SkillsThe majority of employers know that older workers have a lot of experience and have dev eloped valuable skills over the years. This makes older workers an asset to a company. Much of this knowledge comes from being employed in a particular field and cannot be duplicated by younger workers. By letting a potential employer become aware of these skills along with the willingness to help train younger workers in the nuances of a field, an older worker shows what a valuable asset he or she would be to a job.  3.Keep Up to DateTechnology changes quickly and an older worker may not have kept up with the latest advances. In fields where workers operate computers, honing computer skills and adding the ability to operate new programs lets an older worker show that he or she is a viable candidate for a job. In other fields, keeping up with the latest in advances lets those who have worked as pharmacists, accountants or in health care jobs maintain up-to-date skills. Highlight those skills to show you will be an asset to the company.  4.Be Flexible in Work SchedulesOlder worke rs usually have the option to be more flexible in work hours, unlike younger employees. While younger persons are busy outside of work with children and the demands they entail, older workers can use the fact that their children are grown and gone to their advantage.  5.Communication Skills Are ImportantThe ability to solve problems and communicate effectively are some of the things employers look for in older workers. One way for an individual to demonstrate that skill is through a cover letter and resume. Almost half of employers say they want older employees who are good at spelling and grammar. This is a simple but effective way to express that skill. As far as problem solving and critical thinking skills, include problems that you solved and accomplishments you made in other jobs as part your resume.  6.Look Where Jobs Are NeededSavvy, older individuals look first at what job markets are hiring the most workers and aim their skills where they are needed. Health care, financ e, education, nonprofits and small- or medium-sized businesses are likely to employ older workers for their education, experience and know-how.  Skills and know-how are important when looking for a new job, and so is the ability to do a job search. TheJobNetwork can help by doing the footwork for you, freeing your time for other things. Sign up for our job match alert and fill out an application, listing your skills and type of job you want. You can do a job search in two different ways. You can search yourself if you like. However, TheJobNetwork searches listings that match your description around the clock and sends those job opportunities to you as soon as they become available. That way, you don’t miss any opportunities to get just the job you want.

Technological and cultural determinism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technological and cultural determinism - Essay Example 2. Apply these theories to recent discourse about new forms of television, whether high definition TV, 3-D TV, online TV, etc. The discourse may come from a website, an advertisement, a TV program, a newspaper/magazine article, a blog, etc.   Just like other deterministic theories, technological determinism, and cultural determinisms seeks out to explain the historical and social phenomena in terms of one determining factor. It is considered to be a doctrine of casual or historical primacy. In other words, technological determinism is used to describe ways in which technology has influenced the evolution of human. Technology such as television online TV, advertisement among other technologies have played a significant role in creating new spaces for human to inhibit on a physical or a mental basis (Winston 789). Therefore, humans have adapted to these new spaces in that the patterns of their discernment are progressively altered without any resistance. Since technological determinism is merely putting the idea that technology is critical to people’s lives, there are various aspects of discourse that may invoke technological determinism. Social construction is a very critical aspect in invoking technological determinism. Social construction is considered to be a technological determinism since it is capable of explaining a great part of various technologies including Television, Computers, and Photography among others. 4. Identify either a law of supervening social necessity OR a law of suppression of radical potential (these are likely, not fore-grounded in the example; they require an analysis of the broader cultural determinisms for the emergence of this technology).   The law of suppression of radical potential is among the first ideas that are discussed in Winston book. This law relates to misunderstanding of media. The laws state that, when a

Issues and Dilemmas of Contemporary Public Administration WK 6 Term Paper - 1

Issues and Dilemmas of Contemporary Public Administration WK 6 - Term Paper Example More often than not however, public administrators have been confronted with a myriad of ethical obligations which include but not inclined to: public interest, administrative responsibility as well as other personal life matters such as finances, sexual misconduct and health, among many others (Geuras & Garofalo, 2009). Public interest incorporates the welfare of the general public. Public administrators are mandated to serve the people. Thus, they are endorsed with the duty and responsibility to enhance public interest. It is therefore expected of them to conduct their activities with fairness and equality. Thus, they have an ethical obligation to maintain accountability and openness in their activities so as to ensure that they are doing what is perceived to be right within the perception of the public. Administrative responsibility on the other hand involves the behavior of public administrators and the expectations that others have with respect to that behavior. In this regards, a public administrator is deemed to be responsible if his/her behavior conforms to the expectations. Conversely, if a public administrator’s behavior deviated from the expectations, such an administrator is considered irresponsible. The private sector has been applauded for enhancing administrative responsibility more efficiently than the public sector. Perhaps, this accounts for the increased prevalence of various governments privatizing most of their activities. In a nutshell, privatization refers to the incidence of transferring ownership of public service, property, agency, enterprise or business from the public sector to the private sector. More often than not, privatization has been considered as a solution to the many challenges that are replete in public administration. This has seen an increase in the private sector assuming the responsibility of carrying out service delivery, which was initially carried out by the public sector. In the recent years, many

Perelmans Argumentation Theory And International Relations Philosophy Essay

Perelmans Argumentation Theory And International Relations Philosophy Essay The purpose of this essay is to outline the main notions of Chaim Perelmans philosophy as presented in The Realm of Rhetoric. Let it be mentioned here that Perelman never intended his book to be a methodological study book, but a concise work on what justification of values looks like in practical discourse. Still, his works have been widely applied as a methodological tool in the field of international relations. From outlining Perelmans philosophy I will proceed onto how it has been applied in international relations research. In the last part of my essay, I will study how to use Perelmans work in my own research. 2. BACKGROUND Initially, the Polish-born philosopher Chaim Perelman carried his research in law and philosophy along the lines of logical positivism. In 1944, Perelman completed an empiricist study on justice, De La Justice  [1]  . In his research he concluded that the applications of the law always involve value judgments, and as values cannot be subjected to the rules of logic, the foundations of justice must be arbitrary. Perelman found his own conclusions untenable since value judgments are an integral part of all practical reasoning and decision-making. To deny the value judgments would mean denying the rational foundations of philosophy, politics, law and ethics. As a result of his own empiricist study, Perelman rejected his positivism, absorbing influences from the philosophies that provided a rationale for value judgments  [2]  . According to him, the usefulness of logical positivism was limited to the applications of pure science  [3]  . Regressive philosophies that provide a rationale for value judgments were just as untenable for him because metaphysics self-evident axioms only one perceived error would cause the metaphysical construction and its claims for universal truths to collapse  [4]  . Prevalent alternatives, especially the existentialism of Jean-Paul Sartre, do not elicit any sympathy from Perelman either: Perelman says that Sartre merely replaces absolutes of metaphysicism with absolute skepticism  [5]  . In 1948 Perelman met with Madame Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, with whom he set on a collaboration project, the purpose of which was to develop a philosophy that avoided the absolutes of both positivism and radical relativism. Their basic question can be expressed as: What does justification of values look like in actual, verbal discourse?  [6]  In other words, they set on to research non-formal arguments. Together with Olbrechts-Tytega, Perelman created a theory of rhetoric and argumentation, based upon Greco-Latin rhetoric, as the foundation for a logic of value judgments. Their multidisciplinary study, Traità ¨ de largumentation la nouvelle rhà ©torique was published in French in 1958  [7]  . This work, where Perelman and Olbrechts-Tytega create their theory of rhetoric and argumentation, is the basis of Perelmans The Realm of Rhetoric, where he broadens the original work further. Relying heavily on the works of Aristotle, Perelman concludes that instead of aspiring to universal truths, philosophy in reality is more concerned with persuading specific audiences to accept its claims. For Perelman, a functioning philosophy (which would induce action and essential aspects of being) should be constructed on probabilities, not universal truths, and it should also be able to carry propositions of values stemming from its reception by particular audiences.  [8]   3. THE NEW RHETORIC AND THEORY OF ARGUMENTATION Rhetoric and theory of argumentation form the central core of Perelmans thought. Perelmans study of argumentation is the study of discursive techniques that induce or increase the minds adherence to the theses presented for its assent  [9]  . As Arnold  [10]  proposes, Perelmans realm of rhetoric is the entire universe of argumentative discourse. Perelmans rhetoric is based on the idea that since argumentation aims at securing the adherence of those to whom it is addressed, argumentation is relative to the audience to be influenced  [11]  . Thus, rhetoric is an art of persuasion. 3.1. Audience and the premises of argumentation Argumentation is a person-centered activity it is personal because it starts with the premises that the audience accepts  [12]  . As for the audience, Perelman sticks to the twin concepts of a particular audience and a universal audience; while every argument is directed to a specific individual or a group, it is up to the speaker to decide what information and data will win the greatest adherence according to an ideal audience  [13]  . The aim of all argumentation is to move an audience from an agreement on the premises to an agreement about some conclusion, to modify an audiences convictions through discourse, gain a meeting of minds instead of imposing its will through constraint or conditioning  [14]  . Thus, all argumentation must begin from bases of agreement adequately accepted by the audience prior to the argument. Perelman differentiates between two categories of bases of agreement: the first category consist of facts and truths, the second of the values and hie rarchies  [15]  . Facts and truths here can be understood as supposedly having been accepted by the universal audience, whereas the second category, the values, which can be concrete and abstract, are not universal  [16]  . Establishing values as a starting point of argumentation is important as they may influence action and define good behavior. Values are usually arranged in hierarchies, for instance the superiority of the just over the useful; as a starting point for argumentation an audience may value both but in argument set a preference between the two  [17]  . The last argument starting point, to draw the attention of the audience, is creating a presence. Perelman refers to creating and evoking presence as a technique belonging uniquely in the realm of rhetoric, reaching beyond space and time; convincing an audience through their imagination.  [18]   3.2. Techniques of argumentation As the non-formal argument depends on the adherence of an audience, the orator must see to it that his successive elements of an argument will be accepted or adhered to by the audience. Perelman offers two basic techniques to achieve this: firstly, the association through quasi-logical arguments, and appeals to reality; secondly responding to incompatible opinions through dissociation of concepts.  [19]   Quasi-logical arguments resemble logical, mathematical thinking. However, a quasi-logical argument always presupposes adherence to non-formal theses which alone allow the application of the argument  [20]  . An example of this would be a parlamentarian presenting budget figures in the Parliament, with the aim of initiating an additional rescue package for banks. He/she presents actual figures but purports them in a certain way in his argumentation, in order to convince his/her audience. Association through appealing to reality, on the other hand, refers to affirming of a causal tie between phenomena. From this vantage point argumentation can be directed toward the search for causes, the determination of effects, and the evaluation of a fact by its consequences, which in some cases leads to further inquiries  [21]  . A simple example of this could be a discovery of a corpse and the consequences that follow this particular action. Other ways of argumentation by appealing to reality include examples, illustrations, models and analogy  [22]  . The second technique dissociation of concepts the orator uses when the tenets of an argument are incompatible with accepted opinion. Perelmans view is that when faced with the incompatibilities that ordinary thought encounters, a person tries to resolve it in a theoretically satisfying manner by reestablishing a coherent vision of reality by dissociating the ideas accepted in the start. An example of this dissociation to an appearance vs. reality, a practice found directly or indirectly in all dissociations, could be an oar plunged into the water it appears broken but when we touch it, it is straight. Accordingly, appearances have an equivocal status some of them correspond to reality but sometimes they are only a source of an illusion.  [23]   4. PERELMANS ARGUMENTATION THEORY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS First and foremost, Perelman was a philosopher, not a theoretician in the field of international relations. Secondly, as far as I have understood it, he never aimed his project on rhetoric and argumentation theory, neither his book The Realm of Rhetoric, to be used as a book of methodology in any academic discipline per se. Anyway, during the past two decades there has been a lot of research in the field of international relations that focus on the impact of the politics of talk, or linguistic practices on world politics. Rhetoric and argumentation theory have been used extensively as a method. However, in my opinion, different scholarly communities seem to be pursuing different agendas on different forums, and despite the overlaps, complementarities and possible unification of how language matters in politics, seems to be beyond reach. The different forms of talk bargaining, rhetoric, commonplaces, legal argument, verbal fighting take place in different forums in the sectarian field of international relations. The different forums vary in the degree to which they are public, or rule-governed/institutionalized. The talk of politics also exerts its effects through different mechanisms legitimization, representational force, grafting, framing, persuasion, coercion. The political effects of talk are manifold: the resolution or the escalation of the conflict, the acceptance of or resistance to authority and domination, the construction and transformation of identities and narratives, etc.  [24]   What I would conclude about Perelmans rhetoric and theory of argumentation in the realm of international relations, is that as a method it is extremely adaptable and flexible, and it has thus been used extensively. An itemized listing of using Perlmans philosophy as a method in the different studies in international relations, apart from on the general level, as in the previous chapter, would run tens of pages. When trying to find examples of studies in the field of international relations, where Perelmans philosophy had been applied as a method, the most interesting one I stumbled upon was a study by the Viennese researcher Markus Kornprobst, called International Relations as Rhetorical Discipline. Kornprobst proposes that the irreconcilable differences and debates inside the fragmented discipline of international relations are not that irreconcilable and immeasurable at all if we understand the discipline in Perelmanian terms. He proposes, borrowing from Bakhtin and Gadamer that we should understand international relations as a field of overlapping paradigms, which are not hermetically sealed and sectarian. Speechlessness, non-communication inside the discipline can be overcome by uncovering overlaps. Secondly, he argues that this can be applied even to the most irreconcilable epistemological differences (positivism/postpositivism) inside the discipline. His heuristic vehicle for uncover ing overlaps is a classification of epistemological stances in Ancient Greece, which in Kornprobsts study starts from the thesis that international relations is a rhetorical discipline; based on its Aristotelian truth claims, the modes of reasoning and its manner of disseminating what is taken to be knowledge. Thus, the epistemological differences inside the discipline are actually not irreconcilable at all. Dialogue can develop out of the overlap of the horizons and (re)produce the shared language across horizons on which a scholarly community depends.  [25]   5. PERELMAN AND MY OWN RESEARCH I have planned to write my Masters thesis on Thailands democratization process and the national identity of Thainess. I am still at the early stages in my thesis. However, I am planning to use an interdisciplinary theoretical framework in my thesis, along the lines of the political thought of Robert J.Cox, Antonio Gramsci, Karl Polanyi and Gianbattista Vico. Let it be mentioned here that I am only beginning to outline the theoretical framework of my thesis, so the method I am going to use is still open. However, my intention is to study how the Western concept of democracy has been implemented in the local Thai context so that the concept of democracy has been assimilated to the strong nation state by the local competing elites. In this process, the local elites have used the concept of democracy as an instrument of order and discipline. This elite liberal democracy has been used to create Western-style projects, of which creating a national identity of Thai-ness -project is a prime example to suppress diverse segments of population. Thus, the liberal democracy is a kind of ideological tool to secure hegemony to control and discipline the population. An important part of the hegemonic process is immersing for instance the civil society, various peoples movements and democracy it into creating obedient citizens, who will act as guardians to the elite and their interest. In the centre of the national identity project in Thailands particular case is the monarchy. My emphasis would be on the socio-cultural interplay between rulers and ruled within state struggles over hegemony leading to different ways along which domination and resistance can be studied. Initially, I thought my emphasis would not be on economics and on the economical analysis, however during the research process my research is directing me more and more towards the international political economy and critical geography.  [26]   When it comes to the applicability of Perelmans rhetoric and argumentation theory to my thesis as a method, the argumentative approach would be easily applicable. As footnote here: Gramsci offers a very elastic frame of thinking, which calls for interdisciplinarity and open-mindedness just like Perelmans philosophy does  [27]  . A good starting point to use Perelman in my own research would be the central notion in Gramscis thinking, namely hegemony. Hegemony is a multilayered concept; it operates within the duality force/consent and violence/persuasion that to Gramsci characterizes the nature of power. It acquires concrete structure and specific content particularly during those periods in history in which the people or the masses either form the ground for political action or become a force in politics  [28]  . According to Gramsci, capitalism maintains control not only through political and economic coercion and force but also ideologically, through a hegemonic culture  [29]  . Any class that wishes to dominate in a society, has to move beyond economic-corporate interests, to exert moral and intellectual influence and to make alliances and compromises with different social forces to create a counter-hegemonic historic bloc  [30]  . Applying Perelmans rhetoric and theory of argumentation in analyzing Gramscis notion of hegemony would mean analyzing everyday argumentative discourse in public policy, in my thesis it would involve the dichotomy between the struggle of the subaltern classes versus the dominant elites. What is the dominant discourse in holding onto power of the different elites and how is it used to solidify the sovereignty of the authoritarian state over different segments of society struggling for power? What are the aspects of the dominant discourse, political, economical and cultural? As Gramsci sees the society as an organic process, much like the modern physics, he also sees the prevailing hegemony as a process on many levels, including the struggle between the authoritarian state and subaltern classes. Thus, the history of the subaltern classes and counterhegemonical forces is bound to be sporadic, depending on the political space that the subaltern classes manage to create for themselves at certain periods of history. What is the public discourse and the argumentative discourse of the subaltern classes like, and what are its implications when the space the subaltern forces create for themselves at these historical periods? How to interpret the talk of politics in my own research? In many respects, Perelmans rhetoric and theory of argumentation offers an extremely interesting and fruitful tool for my own research. However, as I am still writing my own research plan and doing the background research, I will leave the option of which method to use, open. 6. CONCLUSIONS In this essay, I have tried to outline Chaim Perelmans sometimes obscure philosophy on rhetoric and theory of argumentation. Perelmans theory has been widely applied as a methodological tool in the overlapping fields of research in the academic discipline of international relations. When it comes down to my own research, I find that Perelmans rhetoric and theory of argumentation is definitely one possible option I can as a methodological tool. 7. SOURCES OF REFERENCE: Agnew, J. (2001): The New Global Economy. Time-Space Compression, Geopolitics and Uneven Development. Journal of World Systems Research VII, 2, Fall 2001, 133- 154. . Accessed 15/12/2010. Arnold, C.C. (2008): Introduction. In Perelman, Ch. : The Realm of Rhetoric. Notre Dame, IN: UND Press, vii-xx. Cox, R. (1987): Production, Power and World Order: Social Forces In Making the World History. New York: Columbia University Press. Fontana, B. (2005): The Democratic Philosopher. Rhetoric as Hegemony in Gramsci. Italian Culture 23 (2005), 97-123. Accessed 15/12/2010. Gramsci, A. (2007): Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Edited and translated by Q. Hoare and G.N. Smith. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Gross, A.J. R.D. Dearin (2003): Chaim Perelman. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press. Kornprobst, M. (2009): International Relations as Rhetorical Discipline. International Studies Review 11(1), 1-22. . Accessed 14/12/2010. Perelman, Ch. (2008): The Realm of Rhetoric. Notre Dame, IN: UND Press. Perelman, Ch. L. Olbrechts-Tytega (1969): The Treatise on New Rhetoric and Argumentation. Notre Dame, IN: UND Press. The Politics of Talk in International Relations. A Workshop at the Research Centre Transformations of the State.University of Bremen 27-28 July 2010. . Accessed 14.12.2010.

Industrial Efficiency :: essays papers

Industrial Efficiency This article, in the Journal of Economic History, Asher explains the differences in efficiency between the American and British textile industries. This has been a highly debated topic with many economists weighing in. In Asher’s analysis, he uses a very empirical approach, rather then trying to explain differences in data with a sociological approach as other economists have. Asher begins by explaining the leading theory in manufacturing efficiency that Rothbarth and Habakkuk developed. Their main explanation for differences is the population disparities between the two countries. In England, there was a labor surplus, while in America, there was a labor scarcity. This scarcity forced American entrepreneurs to implement extremely efficient production methods. While this may be a plausible explanation, Asher maintains that it lacks rigorous formulation and testing. In response, Asher develops a model, using a production function with constant elasticity of substitution. Within the model, he tries to factor for bias in technical change. Tests were run to determine two different explanations: (a) labor-saving bias was used in America and capital-saving bias was used in Britain; or (b) there was labor-saving bias in both countries, but there was more technical progress in America. The test indicates that there is a labor saving bias in both countries. This was the expected outcome that follows the Rothbarth-Habakkuk theory. However, in an unexpected outcome, it appears that the test maintains a capital-saving bias in Britain, as well. This is a combination of the two anticipated outcomes and seems to be opposite of the Rothbarth-Habakkuk theory. This article highlights the technical changes examined in the reading in Chapter 17 of the W&R textbook. While the textbook concentrates on the mass production of goods such as steel, it was interesting to read about a good that individual members of society buy daily – textiles. I think it

Electronic Auditing Procedures to Monitor the Computer Use of Employees Essay

Imagining weight on a scale, when one goes up, the other one goes down. The natural order of life is the balance signaling there is always a price to pay for an achievement. In line with the explosion of the information and technology development, the quality of life has been literally perceived as jumping onto a higher level of realm. But on the other side of the scale is the humanity, the price to pay for such an advance achievement. Consequently there is the need to look into the matter on whether the technology should advance the humanity or it should be the otherwise. Therefore, this report will focus on the causes and the effects of the problems arisen, thus outlined few suggestions to overcome the issue before the spark triggered the fire. This report has been designed structurally from identifying the problem, the effect and subsequently discuss on the measurements to balance the order. There are lots of companies have run the electronic auditing procedures to monitor the computer use of the employees. They perceived this matter seriously because the future achievement is their priority. But is the implementation of the employee monitoring system is necessary is still under a heat debate because it deals with their privacy and individual right. We should make a clear statement that company computing systems are provided as tools for business and all information created, accessed, or stored using these systems are the property of the company and are subject to monitoring, auditing, or review. Even though the management has the authority to do so as the management is their source of income, but it is appropriate for the management to also look into their welfare as equal priority. Therefore, this report will focus on both side of the scale and dwell into both the benefits and the harms on implementing such a major monitoring system. Below (Diagram 1. 0) is the finding of a research conducted by The American Management Association as published in the Business Week, December 2012 edition. Before we dealt with the issue, it is best for us to understand on how does the system works. Then only we will proceed on the why should we or should not we implement such system. First off, the system enable the administrator to overlook or monitor the employees screen using his/her own computer, to be exact, we can know what the employees are viewing or doing with their computer. This gives the advantage for the administrator to save a screen shot of the employee’s computer to be kept as evidence in the time to come. Next, the administrator can also access in to the employees computer at any time, any will, as if we are using the employees’ mouse and keyboard. With that, the administrator can turn off or terminate the non-work related program accessed by the employees. On the other hand, the administrator can as well have access into all of the documents, folders and the program installed or downloaded into the computer, even without the employees’ consent. Diagram 2. 0 can best summarize the whole idea of the employees monitoring system. A drop of water can spoil the whole pot of milk. Sometimes precautions are essential to make sure things are in order. In nowadays life, the world is but at the fingertips. Most of the information is accessible anywhere anytime with the internet network so well established. It is no doubt the digital world evolves and still evolving in a drastic manner that brings the world into the greater level of live. But ironically, the money value for the technology drops steadily compare to the drastic development of the cyber world. We are getting a first class infrastructure development with an increasing transferring speed into the cyber world yet the subscription fee does not increase as much in parallel. The end result is the technology is now affordable even to the lowest hierarchy of the society. This easy-accessed phenomenon created another easy-influenced phenomenon where the cyber space has been widely used in reverse quality achievement so known as the cyber abuse. Cyber abuse has also become an infectious viral hit other than the gangnam style and the Harlem shake. The first and foremost situation to draw a frown on the face is the frequent visit to indecent websites, or pornography to be frank. Psychologically, such an act can retard the brain development yet catalyst sexual sensation. Though it is sensual to the eyes and the lust, but it will draw the vision into the dust. This situation also encourages sexual harassment among the colleague which will later on put a flame onto the company’s fame. Not to be pessimist, but this is what really happen in the world of reality. Though it goes mutual but a lot of families are in serious crisis because the authority put the hand on the elbow and let the spark burns the oil. The affairs among the colleague will definitely fuel up the existing official internal affairs, not to mention in depth in the report. Next is the overused of the social hub. When a thousand miles of distance only separated by an inch of screen, the company’s achievement will be a thousand light years behind the mission. Such scenario shifted the working focus to series of pointless communication resulting in miscommunication and lack of communication situation among the subordinates thus creating a plosive conversation here and there with huge blows, reaching no common goals, drowning further away against the stream. Good communications skills will no longer go verbally but upon a long sour facial expression, or even in written form. Verbal communication has always been the best medium in delivering day to day conversation, sharing thoughts and ideologies, thus nurturing a good social responsibility among the society. With verbal communication at stake, the social responsibility has also being driven onto the cliff, just a step towards rolling down the hill. We can no longer practice good discussions skills, daily conversations are no longer moderate. There is a call to climb back the cliff to rectify the problems. It is belief the implementation of the employee monitoring system can enhance the information transferring system thus improving the communication system. With the widespread of such working environment, next comes the misused of the communication and information technology. Blackmail and poison pen letter have since become threats. Dissatisfaction now leads to direct complaint to the superior without direct confrontation or discussion; even a compliment can turn into a complaint with such scenario growing firm affectively in the habit formation. Lot of reports has been lodged without thorough investigation, even worse when it is a blind accusation where the innocents have to take on the blame. A bunch of ants can also be a disaster; the growing numbers of complaints also bring chaos to the management. Worse still, most of the complaints have to be left unattended without resolution. This will also tainted our reputation and credibility as the top management because of our failure in resolving all the complaints. Another less concern issue is the online games addiction. Though such matter seems to leave no major effect but it still leaves a black dot on the blank slate. Employees with such addiction set aside practically all other activities in favor of playing computer games almost endlessly. Gamers who engage with extremely excessive daily gaming routines can find it difficult to make room for much else in the office. Some addicts allow jobs and careers to collapse in order to spend more time playing their favorite games. Furthermore, online games are not merely games, to a larger extend, they deal with gambling. With financial issue at stake, the focus is now on winning the jack pot like an ant in the hot pot. The company’s economy status is no longer the major concern as long as it does not effecting the payrolls. All of the above mentioned situations subsequently lead to the climate changes of the working environment. Workers are building and living in the virtual world of their own, reflecting the world of reality at the other side of the mirror, turning everything upside down. Another minor issue not to be missed out is the waste of time and energy. In the name of time, verily, man is in loss. The company’s performance is greatly affected when most of the task are not submitted in due time. Even when it is, the quality and the outcome do not get the end meet. Worse still when we have to bare all of the cost of the energy wasted for each and every workers’ entertainment. Based on the research conducted by The American Management Association, every company loses quit an amount of budget due to non-work related browsing. Somehow, it is understandable that the entire act can created a stress free working environment where they can channel the tense into the cyber space. Looking at the positive side, the use of the cyber space is actually one of the most powerful and effective information transferring and sharing method. The continuous development of the cyber technology has proved that the digital networking chain is indeed the key towards ultimate success if being use in proper management. Another major issue to look into is the misused of the confidential information of the company. Again, based on the finding, most of the employees confessed of leaking the confidential information to third parties, non-related to the company, or even to the archrivals of the company. It implies the information security breach where the employees can easily access and leak the information to the outsider. Nonetheless, this has also caused quite a few billions loss to the company income. Such scenario reflected on the management failure in preserving it confidentiality and information security system. Here comes the call to put all of the employees’ communication system inclusive of e-mail to be put under strict surveillance. However, it should be noted that enraged employees can cause an organization legal problems and liability in other methods such as by writing a letter, having a conversation, sending a fax or making a phone call just as easily as by sending an e-mail or misusing the Internet. So much so, we must recognize that some activities have a limited investment return. For example, with the exception of support center telephone operators, few telephone conversations are monitored because some casual or personal usage is expected and tolerated. Though the implementation of the electronic auditing procedure can benefit the company in almost every aspect but the invasion of the individual right and the employees’ privacy are the aspects not to be neglected. Ensuring proper use of organizational technology begins with outlining what is proper and what is not. Looking from the angle of an outsider, the welfare of the workers is not taken care of and it can cause a serious morale problem. Still, monitoring can be controversial because employees often view it as invasive, distracting, and stressful However, precaution steps need to be outlined to curb the problems mentioned. It can be considered as a system upgrading process to improve the company’s achievement. Our view is that we are showing a great concern towards the workers progression from time to time. There’s no doubt that the employee monitoring has become more common nowadays. However, overly intrusive practices can create the negative perception that the boss is watching. The solution, therefore, is to balance your need for protection with your employees’ desire for as much privacy as possible. So the idea is to implement the system with a little modification where the management can still monitor the employees’ computer yet the employees are still comfortable with such implementation. As the years roll by, workers can develop self awareness thus nurturing a great self discipline in carrying out the tasks assigned. In the case of e-mail, we should only use the company’s local area network emails outlook system to oversee the whole information transferring system. In a way, there is no other email service provider to be use in the office. The implementation of the system can be carried out in a specified timeframe so the employees still have the key to hold onto their privacy life. Yet the management should also take into consideration to block the access into certain website and IE download as a mean to overcome the individual morale issue while in the office. Workplaces subjected to high security surveillance basically are culturally troubled where trust is missing. Data collected during monitoring is subject to misuse in ways that could result the organization to liability. Our concern is that without proper handling and adequate corporate governance, employers may abuse the monitoring system. Human resource department should take the initiative to development a better programmer team under the management surveillance to take care of the system or it might become an individual right violation if the teams themselves misused the authority to oversee the system. It is utmost important now to develop a highly skilled, knowledgeable and professionally high etiquette team to encourage employee loyalty and lead to more satisfied employees. Managers and technology professionals must take steps to ensure the negative impact is minimized. With consideration from every point of view, it is utmost important to highlight there is a need for a change of wind. Given the risk of legal liability, productivity loss, and drain on bandwidth, it is clear why we must implement a blended and acceptable use policies and monitor resource usage. To qualify, the consent can be expressed in the written form with the business related reasons stated clearly on why it is being implemented. A great start is a good jump towards success, the best starting point for any organization should be the consultation with their legal counsel and other relevant parties to determine what type and scope of policy would be best suited for the organization. There should also be a defensive wall from accessing into improper website. Other than that, employees should also know that the monitoring system will only being carried out during the working hours. They still have their right into their own privacy life during the lunch hour and after the office hour. Therefore they can still maintain the stress free environment at the office. Again, the implementation of such system must be within the employees consent so they are aware of the situation that they are being watch at certain timeframe. The company policy should also embrace that the computer system and communications services are the property of the employer as well as include the penalties for policy violations, up to service termination. To show our concern towards both the company’s prospect and the employees privacy right, the approach to create the balance is neither the management is doing nothing nor monitor everything, but overseeing something yet the employees can still do their things at their own pace and comfort. With the implementation of this blended and modified monitoring system, let us put forth the hope of bringing the company into a greater level in the economy world.

Ilan Greenberg - ThoughtCo